After surface oxide film treatment, the increase of viscosities at low shear rates results from the decrease of surface roughness on the surface of solder powders.

经表面氧化层处理后，焊料表面粗糙度的降低引起低剪切速率下焊膏粘度的明显升高。

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Material oxidation, such as oxidation spot, serious after heat treatment of oxide film.

素材氧化严重，如氧化斑，热处理后氧化膜。

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After the hot-rolled steel coil plant sent, the first after three consecutive treatment, the first use hydrochloric acid to remove oxide film, and then to be cold-rolled unit.

经过热轧厂送来的钢卷，先要经过连续三次技术处理，先要用盐酸除去氧化膜，然后才能送到冷轧机组。

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